Roughly speaking (I am Not a Lawyer), a "common carrier" was a transportation company (we're talking horses, buggies, trains, etc.) which offered services to everyone, as opposed to a "contract carrier" which made individual agreements with specific individuals for transport. The usage has been vulgarly (that is, by the "common people", as opposed to lawyers) extended to telcos (sometimes specified as TCCs -- Telecommunications Common Carriers) implying that TCCs offer services (network, phone, etc.) to all comers.
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